服装行业常用英语词汇(优秀4篇)
服装行业常用英语词汇 篇一
In the ever-evolving world of fashion, it is essential to stay updated with the latest industry jargon and vocabulary. Whether you are a fashion enthusiast, a student studying fashion, or a professional working in the fashion industry, having a good grasp of common English terms used in the field can greatly enhance your understanding and communication. This article aims to provide you with a comprehensive list of commonly used English words and phrases in the fashion industry.
1. Haute couture - This term refers to high fashion or custom-made clothing created by renowned fashion designers.
2. Pret-a-porter - Also known as ready-to-wear, this term refers to clothing that is mass-produced and available for purchase in standard sizes.
3. Fashion show - An event where designers showcase their latest collections on the runway to an audience of industry professionals, journalists, and buyers.
4. Trendsetter - An individual or brand that influences fashion trends and sets the tone for the industry.
5. Lookbook - A collection of photographs showcasing a designer's latest collection or a brand's current offerings.
6. Capsule collection - A limited edition collection of clothing items that is usually released seasonally or in collaboration with another brand or designer.
7. Sustainable fashion - A movement focused on creating clothing using environmentally friendly materials and production methods.
8. Fast fashion - The production and sale of inexpensive, trendy clothing items that are quickly produced and rapidly consumed.
9. Couturier - A fashion designer, especially one who specializes in haute couture.
10. Runway - The platform on which models showcase the latest fashion collections during a fashion show.
11. Fashion-forward - A term used to describe someone who is always ahead of the current fashion trends.
12. Look of the day (LOTD) - A popular social media trend where individuals showcase their outfit of the day.
13. Fashion blogger - An individual who regularly posts about fashion trends, styles, and outfit inspirations on their blog or social media platforms.
14. Influencer - Someone who has a significant following on social media and has the power to influence the purchasing decisions of their audience.
15. Street style - Fashion trends that are inspired by everyday people and their personal style choices.
16. Avant-garde - An experimental and innovative approach to fashion that challenges traditional norms and conventions.
17. Fashionista - A term used to describe someone who is passionate about fashion and always dressed in the latest trends.
18. Fashion capital - A city or location that is known for its prominent fashion industry and influences the global fashion scene.
19. Fashion week - A series of events where designers showcase their latest collections to buyers, press, and fashion enthusiasts.
20. Red carpet - The area where celebrities and VIPs pose for photographs and interviews at events, typically dressed in high-end designer clothing.
Having a good understanding of these commonly used English words and phrases in the fashion industry can help you navigate the world of fashion more effectively. Whether you are discussing the latest trends, attending fashion events, or pursuing a career in fashion, these terms will undoubtedly come in handy. Stay updated with the ever-changing fashion landscape and continue to expand your fashion vocabulary to stay ahead in the industry.
(Word count: 600 words)
服装行业常用英语词汇 篇二
The fashion industry is a global business that requires effective communication and collaboration across different cultures and languages. As such, having a good command of common English words and phrases used in the fashion industry is crucial for professionals in the field. This article aims to provide a comprehensive list of commonly used English vocabulary in the fashion industry to assist professionals in their communication and understanding.
1. Retail - The sale of goods directly to consumers through physical stores or online platforms.
2. Wholesale - The sale of goods in large quantities to retailers, rather than individual consumers.
3. Merchandising - The practice of presenting and promoting products in a way that maximizes sales and profitability.
4. Branding - The process of creating a unique identity for a product or company through distinctive design, marketing, and messaging.
5. E-commerce - The buying and selling of goods and services over the internet.
6. Marketing - The promotion and advertising of products or services to attract and retain customers.
7. Fashion-forward - A term used to describe products or individuals that are ahead of current fashion trends.
8. Fashion consultant - A professional who provides advice and guidance on fashion-related matters to individuals or businesses.
9. Styling - The art of selecting and coordinating clothing and accessories to create a desired look or image.
10. Garment - A general term for an article of clothing.
11. Collection - A group of garments or accessories designed and produced by a fashion designer or brand for a specific season or occasion.
12. Textile - A type of fabric or material used in the production of clothing and accessories.
13. Seamstress - A person who sews, alters, or repairs clothing professionally.
14. Tailoring - The process of making adjustments or alterations to clothing to ensure a better fit.
15. Fashion sketch - A hand-drawn or digitally created illustration of a garment or fashion design.
16. Pattern - A template or guide used to cut fabric pieces for sewing a garment.
17. Sample - A prototype or initial version of a garment created for testing and evaluation before production.
18. Fashion editor - A professional who oversees the content and direction of fashion publications or digital platforms.
19. Fashion photography - The art of capturing and showcasing clothing and accessories through visually appealing images.
20. Fashion event - An organized gathering or show that highlights fashion and design, such as fashion weeks, trade shows, or exhibitions.
Understanding and effectively utilizing these commonly used English words and phrases in the fashion industry is essential for professionals looking to succeed in the field. From marketing strategies to garment production, having a solid grasp of industry-specific vocabulary will facilitate effective communication and collaboration with clients, colleagues, and stakeholders. Stay updated with the latest industry trends and continually expand your fashion vocabulary to excel in this dynamic and competitive industry.
(Word count: 600 words)
服装行业常用英语词汇 篇三
yarn 纱线
zig-zag stitching 人字线步
zip-out lining 脱卸里
zipper fly 拉链门襟
裁片cutted pieces, cut pieces, cut parts
平下摆square-cut bottom, square front, plain bottom, flat bottom
前幅 forepart, front, front panel
下摆bottom, hem, lap, sweep, expansion, suso
(cutting piece) numbering 给裁片编号
3-plys export carton 三坑出口纸箱
a pair of braces 一副裤子背带
aceta lining 亚沙迪里布
air freight 空运费
allover embroidery 全身绣花
antistatic finish 防静电处理
apparel 成衣
applique 贴布绣
approved swatch 经认可的样布
armhole, scye 夹圈, 袖窿, 袖笼，袖孔
ART. NO. /style NO. 款号
assembling of front & back part 前后幅合并
assorted color assorted size 混色混码
assorted color 混色
attach collar 上领
attach cuff to sleeve 车鸡英到袖子上
attachment (车缝)附件
autolock zipper 自动锁拉链
azo dye 偶氮染料
back cover front 后搭前
back rise 后浪
back stitching 返针，回针，倒针
back 后幅
backless dress 露背裙
barb wire 行李索
bargaining 讨价还价
bar-tack 打枣，套结
baste 粗缝
basting 疏缝
beading 玻璃珠，钉珠
bell bottom 喇叭裤脚
belt 腰带
belt-loop, beltloop (裙、裤腰头上用以穿过腰带的)耳仔
bias cut 斜纹裁，纵纹裁
binder 包边蝴蝶，滚边蝴蝶(一种用来辅助滚边的车缝附件)
binding tape 包边滚条
binding 包边
bleach spot 漂白渍
bleach 漂白
blend fibre 混纺纤维
blends 混纺
blind stitching 挑脚线步
blouse 类似衬衫的女上衣
bodice, body 衣大身, 衫身
body piece 大身衣片
body rise 直浪
bottom vent of sleeve 细侧
bottom 衫脚，裤脚，裙脚，下摆
bow-tie 蝴蝶结
boxer 平脚裤 / 孖烟通
box-pleat 外工字褶
boy's style fly / left fly 男装钮牌/门襟, 左钮牌/门襟
bracelet cuff 紧袖口
braces skirt 吊带裙
braces 吊带，背带
briefs 贴身的男装短内裤
brown 麻布和花边的胚
buckle loop 钮圈
bulk production 大量生产，大货
bundle code / number 扎号
bundle system 执扎系统
bundling 执扎
button distance 扣眼档，钮距
button stand 钮子，钮门搭位
button-hole 钮门, 扣眼
button-holing 开钮门，打扣眼
buttoning 钉钮
camouflage color 迷彩色
camouflage pattern 迷彩图案
canvas 马尾衬，帆布
carton number 箱号
casing 容位
casual wear 便装
center back vent 后中叉(有搭位/叠位的)
center back 后中
center crease fold 中骨对折
center crease line 中骨线
center front 前中
certified sub-contractor 认可加工厂
chain stitching 锁链线步
chic 时髦的，流行的
circular knit 圆筒针织布
circular knitting machine 针织大圆机
clapper 拱形烫木(烫后袖缝、摆缝等的工具)
classic look 经典款式
clean finish 还口，卷边
close fitting 贴身
close side seam 埋侧骨，缝合侧骨
closure 门襟
coating 外套大衣
collar fall 上级领
collar notch 领扼位
collar point 领尖
collar stand 下级领
collar 领子
collection 系列
color/size breakdown 颜色尺码分配
combi program 配色组合
commodity inspection 商检
conceal zipper 隐形拉链
constructed specification 结构细节
continuous placket R折(袖叉)
contrast color 撞色
corduroy 灯芯绒
cost sheet 成本单
cover stitching 拉冚线步(600类)
covered edge 包边
crank opening 曲襟
crease & wrinkly resistant finish 防皱处理
crease line 折线
crepe 绉纱, 绉绸
crocking test 摩擦测试
cross crotch 十字缝，十字骨
cross cut 横纹裁
crotch point 浪顶点
crotch 浪顶，小浪
cuff bottom 类似介英的衣脚/裤脚
cuff hem 类似介英的'衣脚/下摆
cuff opening 袖侧, 袖叉
cuff vent 袖侧, 袖叉(有搭位/叠位)
cumulative units inspected 累计验货数
curve bottom 弧形下摆
customs declarer 报关员
cut & sewn 切驳
cutting piece 裁片
cutting room 裁剪车间，裁床部
cutting table 裁床
dart 省(死的)，如bust dart(胸省)
decorative stitching 装饰线步
delivery date 落货期，出货期
denim 粗斜纹棉布，牛仔布
design fe
ature 设计特征
detachable cuff 活动袖头
detachable lining 活动里
die cutting machine 冲床
die 刀模，冲模
discount / sales off 打折
dobby (多臂机织的)小提花织物
documentary secretary 单证员
double cuff 双层鸡英
double needles fell seam 双针埋夹
dressing room / fitting room 试衣间
drill 锥子
drilling position 钻孔位
drop test 跌落测试
dry clean 干洗
dry rub 干擦
dyelot 缸号
dying 染色
easing 容位
easy care 免烫
edge stitching 间边线，车边线
edge trimmer 修边器
edge-finishing 边脚处理
edge-stitching dart 边线褶
egg pad 铁凳(熨烫肩部等部位的工具)
elastic waistband is extension of body 原身出橡筋裤头
elastic 橡筋
elbow dart 肘省
elbow patch 肘部垫布
elastic cuff 松紧袖口
embroidery 绣花/车花
epaulet 肩章
ever pleat 耐久不变的褶裥
expiry date 有效期
export carton 出口箱
extension of waistband 裤头搭咀
eyelet buttonhole 圆锁眼
eyelet 凤眼，鸡眼
fabric construction 布料结构
fabric consumption 布料用量
fabric swatch 布办，样布
fabric width 布封，幅宽
fabric 布
facing 贴
false fly 假钮牌，假门襟
false placket 假门筒
fell seam 埋夹
figure-clinging 紧身的，贴身胸围
fil-a-fil 米通条布
final inspection 尾期检查
finished product 成品
fitness wear 女式紧身衣
fitting 试身
flameproof fabric 防火布
flannel 法兰绒
flare skirt 喇叭裙
flat knitting 横机织物
flat lock 虾须线
flax 亚麻
fleece 抓毛布，磨毛布
flow chart 流程图
flow control 流程控制
fly 门襟(常用于裙、裤)
fold back facing 原身出贴
fold back hidden placket 原身双层钮筒
fold line for lapel 领驳口
fold line 折线
folding line 折线
forwarder，shipping agent 货代，船公司
freight collect 到付
freight prepaid 预付
frills 荷叶边
fringe 须边，毛边
front edge 前幅边，前襟边
front facing 挂面
front opening 前开口
front rise 前浪
front yoke 前过肩
front 前幅
fullness 宽松位
fully fashion sweater 全成型毛衫
fully lining 全里
fully opening 全开口
fur garment 裘皮服装，毛皮服装
fur 皮草，毛皮
fusible interlining 粘合衬
fuzzing 起毛
garment dye 成衣染色，件染
garment finishing 成衣后处理
garment sewing technology 成衣工艺
garment wash 成衣洗水，普洗
garment 成衣
gathering 碎褶
girl's style fly / right fly 女装钮牌/门襟，右钮牌/门襟
godet <法> (女人裙后所附的)三角形布, 用以显示褶纹
gorge line 领串口
grading 放码
grain 布纹
gray cloth, greige cloth, gray goods, Loom-state 胚布
grommet 凤眼，金属扣眼，索环
gross weight 毛重
grown-on sleeve 原身出袖
gusset 三角插布
half lining 半里
half moon patch 半月形龟背
half opening 半开口
hand loom 手织样
hand shear 剪刀
handbag 手袋
handfeel 手感
handling 执手，处理，操作
hanger 衣架
hanging loop 吊袢，挂耳
heavy fabric 厚重面料
hem, bottom 衣脚，下摆，衫脚
hemmer 卷边靴
hemming with folder 用拉筒卷边
hemming 卷边，还口
hemp 麻
herringbone twill 人字斜纹布
hidden bartack 隐形枣，暗枣
hidden placket 暗门筒
high-waist skirt 高腰裙
imitation cuff 假袖头
in seam 内浪骨
inner extension 搭咀内层
in-process inspection 中期检查
in-seam 内骨
inspection 检查
inspector 验货员
interlacing 交织
interlining 衬，朴
inverted pleat 内工字褶
jacquard 提花织物
jeans 牛仔裤
jersey 平纹单面针织布
join crotch 埋小浪
jute 黄麻
khaki 卡其
knit 针织
knitted rib collar 针织罗纹领
knowledge of material 材料学
lab dips 色样
labor turnover 劳工流失
labour cost 劳工成本
lastest size specification 最新尺寸表
layout 排唛，排料
lead time 生产周期
leather 皮革
left cover right 左搭右
leftover stock 库存尾货
leggings 开裆裤
leisure wear 休闲服
license 许可证
linen 亚麻
lining 里布
lock stitch 平车线步
loop fabric 毛圈布
machine maintenance 机械保养
magic tape 魔术贴
man-made fibre 人造纤维
manufacturer 制造商
mark buttonhole & button position 标出钮门与钮扣的位置
mark pocket position with template 用纸板点袋位
marker copier 唛架复印机
marker 唛架，排料图
mass production 大批量生产
match color 配色
material 物料
measurement allowance 尺寸允许公差
measurement chart 尺寸表
measurement discrepancy 尺寸差异(一般指实际量度结果)
measurement 尺寸
melton 领底绒
merrow 钑骨，锁边
mini markers 小唛架
mock buttonhole, decoration buttonhole 假扣眼
mock fly 假门襟
moth resistant finish 防虫处理
nail-button 钉脚钮扣
natural fibre 天然纤维
neck dart 领省
neck 领窝
net weight 净重
non-fusible interlining 非粘朴
non-woven fabric 无纺布
normal machine 平车
notch 扼位
off pressing 终烫
on board 上船
on sale 换季
one layer yoke 一片担干
one(two) –button cuff 单(双)扣袖头
open seam pressing 烫开骨
open seam 开骨
opening 开口
operation break down 分工序，分科
out of season 过季的
out-seam, outseam 外骨，侧骨
overall 工作服
overalls 吊带裤
overhead 厂皮(企业一般管理费)
overlap 重叠，搭位
overlock & blind-stitching 锁边并挑脚
overtime working 加班工作
packing list 包装单
packing method 包装方法
paper pattern 纸样
piece rate 记件
piece yardage 单耗
pile fabric 毛圈布
piping 嵌边，滚条
pipper 镶边蝴蝶
pique 单珠地
placket 门筒
plaids / checks 格仔布
plaids matching 对格
planning board 经济排唛
plant layout 厂房布置
plastic string 胶针
pleat 褶(活的)，如西裤的腰褶
pocket bearer 袋衬
pocket facing 袋贴
pocket facing 袋贴
pocket flap 袋盖
pocket mouth 袋口
pocket opening 袋口
pocket-bag (裁好的)袋布
pocketing (成卷的)袋布
pointed shape belt-loop 三尖裤耳
polybag 胶袋
pre-shrinking 预缩
pressing cloth 水布(熨烫服装时覆盖在上面的布)
previous shipment 以前走的货
princess line 公主线
princess seam 公主线缝骨
printing 印花
production pattern 生产纸样
production schedule 生产排期
production status 生产情况
puckering 起皱
QC sticker “鸡纸”，QC贴纸，箭头纸
quilting 绗缝，间棉，打缆
rag 碎布
raglan sleeve 牛角袖
rayon 人造丝
ready-to-wear 成衣
regenerated fibre 再生纤维
remnant 布尾，零码布
resin finish 树脂处理
reverse side 反面
re-washing 返洗
rib bottom 罗纹下摆
rib stop (暗)格子
rib 罗纹
rivet 撞钉
roll 疋，一疋布就是一卷布
rotary knife 圆刀式电剪
round bottom 圆下摆
round corner cuff 圆角介英
round corner extension 圆形裤头搭咀
ruffles 荷叶边
saddle width 臀围
safari jacket 猎装
safety pin 扣针，别针
safety stitching 五线钑骨，五线锁边
salesman 业务员
sateen 棉缎，色丁
satin 缎子, 假缎，色丁
scalloped 贝壳边
seam allowance 止口，子口，缝头，缝份
seam 缝骨
selvedge 布边
serge，overlock 锁边，钑骨，拷边
set in sleeve 上袖，绱袖
sewing machine attachments 车缝附件
shank (纽扣)绕脚
shell fabric 面料
shield 腋部吸汗垫布
shipment under consignment 寄卖
shipping date 落货期
shipping mark 箱唛
shop pack 商店包装(一般为按配比单色混码)
short in size 断码
short shipment 短装
shorts 短裤
shoulder dart 肩省
shoulder point 肩点
shoulder 肩
show 展示会
shrinkage 缩水
shrink-proof 防缩
shrink-resistant 防缩处理
side mark (纸箱)侧唛
side panel 侧幅，小身
side seam 侧骨
size assortment 尺码分配
size specification 尺寸表
sizing 上浆
slacks 松身裤
slant corner cuff 斜角介英
slant-cut bottom 斜下摆
slanting front, side opening 偏襟
sleeve crown 袖山
sleeve head 袖头
sleeve opening 袖口
sleeve placket rooftop (袖叉)宝剑头，三尖头
sleeve placket 袖叉(有搭位/叠位)
sleeve slit 袖叉(无搭位/叠位)
sleeve 袖子
slim waist line 修腰线
slit 叉(无搭位/叠位)
smocking 装饰用缩褶
solid color solid size 单色单码
solid color 单色
solid size 单码
sorting 分床分码
spandex (美)弹力纤维
special machine 特殊机器，特种车
splicing 驳布位
spreading machine 拉布机
spreading 拉布
spun yarn 纺纱
stay tape 胸衬条
steam pressing stand 蒸汽烫台
sticker 贴纸
stitching type 针步类型
stitching 线步
storm cuff 防风袖头
straight bottom 直筒裤脚
straight cut 直纹裁
straight end buttonhole, flat buttonhole 平锁眼
straight knife 直刀式电剪
strike-off, strike off 印花样, 手刮样，印花面料打样
stripes fabric 条子布
stripes matching 对条
stuffing 填充物
style 款式
sub-contractor 外发厂
substitute fabric 代用布
suit 套装
sunray pleats 光线式褶裙, 散褶裙
sweep 下摆
swiftach 枪针
swimsuit (女)泳装
tab 袢扣
taffeta 塔夫绸
tape 带条
taper bottom 萝卜裤脚
taping 镶边
tarp=tarpaulin防水布, 油布
tension 张力
terry cloth 毛巾布
thread 缝线
thread clips (剪线用)纱剪
three points cuff 三尖介英
three points extension 三尖裤头搭咀
three points pocket 三尖袋
tipping 镶边，唧边
tolerance 抛位，宽松量
top collar 领面
top sleeve 大袖
top stitching 面线，明线
top vent of sleeve 大(袖)侧
top vent 叉的面层
tops 上装
towel 毛圈布
trim front edge 修剪前幅边
trim or snip along curve edge 沿弯位修剪
trimming 剪线
trimmings 部件，衣服上的点缀物
服装英语词汇
trousers 裤子
tucking 打排褶
tuxedo 男士无尾半正式晚礼服
twill 斜纹布
two layer yoke 双层担干
under arm seam 夹底线，袖底骨
under closure 底襟
under pressing 中烫
under sleeve 小袖
under vent 叉的底层
underarm dart 肋省
underarm gusset 腋下镶布
underwear 内衣
unit price 单价
velcro 魔术贴，维可牢尼龙搭扣(商标名称)
velvet 天鹅绒
velveteen 棉绒，仿天鹅绒
vent 叉(有搭位/叠位)
V-neck V形领窝
waffle 华夫格
waist band 裤头，裙头，腰头
waist dart，waistband 腰省
waistband is extension of body 原身裤头
warehouse 仓库
warp / ends 经纱
warp knitted fabric 经编针织布
warp knitting 经编织物
wash-and-wear of shirt 免烫衬衫
washing initial load 头缸洗水
washing instruction 洗水指示
water repellent 泼水处理
waterproof 防水
web 网状物
weft / picks 纬纱
weft knitting 纬编织物
weights 压铁
welt buttonhole 滚眼
wet rub 湿擦
windproof sleeve opening 防风袖口
woolen 粗纺羊毛
work ticket 工票
workmanship 手工
worsted 精纺羊毛
wrapseam 包骨
yarn count 纱支
服装行业常用英语词汇 篇四
clothes:衣服
garments：外衣
wardrobe：衣柜
double-breasted suit：双排扣外衣
clothing：(总称)衣服
ready-made clothes：成衣
suit：套装
ready- to-wear：现成服装
dress：女装
men’s wear:：男装
everyday clothes：便服
women’s wear：女装
three-piece suit：三件套
underwear：内衣
uniform：制服
overalls：(美)工装裤
cuff：袖口
formal dress：礼服
buttonhole：纽扣孔
tailcoat, 燕尾服，
morning coat：大礼服
shirt：衬衫
blouse：女衬衫
evening dress：晚礼服
T-shirt：T懈衫
Dress coat：燕尾服
Vest：背心
Nightshirt：衬衫式长睡衣
Sweater：毛衣，(厚)运动衫
Polo shirt：马球衫
Dinner jacket(tuxedo)：【美】(男士无尾半正式)晚礼服;餐服
Short-sleeved sweater：短袖运动衫
Full dress uniform：【军】全装; 正式的晚礼服
Round-neck sweater：圆领运动衫
Roll-neck sweater：高翻领运动衫
Grown,robe：长袍。长外衣
Overcoat：男式大衣
Fur coat：皮大衣
Twinset：两件套，运动衫裤
Dust coat：风衣
Kimono：和服
Mantle;cloak：斗篷
Cardigan：开襟羊毛衫
Sheepshin jacket：羊皮夹克
Mackintosh;raincoat：雨衣
Hood：风帽，头巾
Trousers：裤子
Scarf;muffler：围巾
Jeans：牛仔裤
Shawl：披肩
Braces：裤子背带
Bathrobe：浴衣
Breeches：马裤
Nightgown;nightdress：女睡衣
Belt：裤带
Pyjamas：睡衣裤
Skirt：裙子
Pocket：衣袋
Divided skirt;split skirt：裙裤
Lapel：上衣翻领
Underwear;underclothes：内衣裤
Sleeve：袖子
Underpants,pants：内裤
Briefs：短内裤，三角裤
Glove：手套
Panties：女短内裤
Tie(necktie)：领带
Brassiere;bra：乳罩
Bow tie：蝶型领带
Corselet：紧身胸衣
Cap：便帽
Waistcoat:背心
Hat：带沿的帽子
Slip;petticoat：衬裙
Bowler hat：圆顶硬礼帽
Top hat：高顶礼帽
Panama hat：巴拿马草帽
Beret：贝雷帽
Broad-brimmed straw hat：宽边草帽
Girdle：腰带
Stoacking：长袜
silk stockings 丝袜
Tights：紧身衣裤
Bathing trunks:游泳裤
Bathing costume;swimsuit：游泳衣
Bikini：比基尼泳衣
Apron：围裙
Shoe：鞋
Sole：鞋底
Heel：鞋后跟
Lace：鞋带
Moccasin：鹿皮鞋
Boot：靴子
Slippers：便鞋
Sandal：凉鞋
Clog：木拖鞋
Galosh,overshoe：套鞋
Headdress：头饰
Turban：头巾
Natural fabric：天然纤维
Cotton：棉
Silk：丝
Wool：毛料
Linen：麻
Synthetic fabric：混合纤维
Nylon：尼龙
Cashmere：羊毛,开司米
Patterns：花样
Tartan plaid：格子花
Dot:圆点花
Strip：条纹
Veil：面纱
