初中定语从句讲解(精简3篇)
初中定语从句讲解 篇一
初中定语从句是英语语法中的一个重要部分,通过定语从句可以对名词进行修饰和补充,使句子更加清晰和具体。本文将为大家详细介绍初中定语从句的基本结构、用法和注意事项。
一、基本结构
初中定语从句的基本结构为:关系词 + 主句。关系词用来引导定语从句,常用的关系词有:that, which, who, whom, whose, when, where等。
二、用法
1. 修饰人的定语从句
例如:The girl who is wearing a red dress is my sister.(那个穿红裙子的女孩是我妹妹。)
在这个例子中,定语从句“who is wearing a red dress”修饰了名词“girl”,起到了对“girl”进行进一步描述的作用。
2. 修饰物的定语从句
例如:The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.(我从图书馆借来的那本书非常有趣。)
在这个例子中,定语从句“that I borrowed from the library”修饰了名词“book”,起到了对“book”进行进一步描述的作用。
3. 修饰整个句子的定语从句
例如:I have a dream that one day all people will be treated equally.(我有一个梦想,希望有一天所有人都能平等对待。)
在这个例子中,定语从句“that one day all people will be treated equally”修饰了名词“dream”,起到了对“dream”进行进一步描述的作用。
三、注意事项
1. 关系词的选择:根据定语从句所修饰的名词的不同,选择合适的关系词。例如:修饰人的用who或that,修饰物的用which或that,修饰整个句子的用that。
2. 关系词的省略:当关系词在定语从句中作宾语时,可以省略。例如:The girl (that) I saw yesterday is my friend.(我昨天见到的那个女孩是我的朋友。)
3. 定语从句的位置:定语从句可以放在被修饰的名词之前或之后。例如:The boy who is wearing glasses is my brother.(戴眼镜的那个男孩是我弟弟。)或:The boy is my brother who is wearing glasses.(戴眼镜的那个男孩是我弟弟。)
4. 非限制性定语从句:非限制性定语从句用来对主句中的名词进行补充说明,用逗号与主句隔开。例如:Tom, who is my best friend, is coming to visit me tomorrow.(汤姆,我的最好朋友,明天要来看我。)
初中定语从句是英语学习中的重要知识点,掌握了定语从句的基本结构、用法和注意事项,可以在写作和阅读中更加准确地理解和运用定语从句。希望本文能够帮助大家更好地掌握初中定语从句。
初中定语从句讲解 篇二
初中定语从句是英语语法中的一个重要部分,通过定语从句可以对名词进行修饰和补充,使句子更加清晰和具体。本文将为大家详细介绍初中定语从句的引导词的用法和特点,并提供一些例句进行解析。
一、who和that
1. who用于修饰人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
例如:The girl who is singing is my sister.(正在唱歌的那个女孩是我的妹妹。)
在这个例子中,定语从句“who is singing”修饰了名词“girl”,起到了对“girl”进行进一步描述的作用。
2. that用于修饰人或物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
例如:The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.(我从图书馆借来的那本书非常有趣。)
在这个例子中,定语从句“that I borrowed from the library”修饰了名词“book”,起到了对“book”进行进一步描述的作用。
二、which和that
1. which用于修饰物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
例如:The car which is parked outside is mine.(停在外面的那辆车是我的。)
在这个例子中,定语从句“which is parked outside”修饰了名词“car”,起到了对“car”进行进一步描述的作用。
2. that用于修饰物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
例如:The pen that I lost yesterday is blue.(我昨天丢失的那支钢笔是蓝色的。)
在这个例子中,定语从句“that I lost yesterday”修饰了名词“pen”,起到了对“pen”进行进一步描述的作用。
三、whose、whom、when和where
1. whose用于修饰人,在定语从句中表示所属关系。
例如:The man whose car was stolen reported it to the police.(车被偷的那个人向警方报了案。)
2. whom用于修饰人,在定语从句中作宾语。
例如:The woman whom I met yesterday is a doctor.(我昨天遇到的那个女人是一名医生。)
3. when用于修饰时间,在定语从句中表示时间关系。
例如:I still remember the day when we first met.(我仍然记得我们第一次见面的那天。)
4. where用于修饰地点,在定语从句中表示地点关系。
例如:This is the school where I studied when I was a child.(这是我小时候上学的那所学校。)
初中定语从句的引导词有一定的用法和特点,通过掌握这些用法和特点,可以更准确地运用定语从句。希望本文对大家理解和掌握初中定语从句有所帮助。
初中定语从句讲解 篇三
初中定语从句讲解
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。以下是小编整理的初中定语从句讲解,欢迎阅读。
一、定语从句的关系词
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where, when, why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
二、定语从句的`分类
根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
三、关系代词的用法
1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)
The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)
2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:
The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)
The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)
3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom,也可省略。例如:
The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)
Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to?正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语)
注意:(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who, that, which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用介词+which/whom结构。例如:
This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。
Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。
(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。例如:
This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。
(3)that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如:
The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。
(4)关系词只能用that的情况:
a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。
b.被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?
c.先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that, 而不用which.例如:
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如:
Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?
f.主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.例如:
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
(5)关系词只能用which,而不用that 的情况:
a.先行词为that, those时,用which, 而不用that.例如:
What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?
b.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如:
This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。
c.引导非限制性定语从句,用which, 而不用that.例如:
Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。
四、关系副词的用法
(1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。例如:
This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。
(2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。例如:
This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。
(3)why 指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。例如:
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。
单项填空。
1. -Do you know the man ______is talking with your father?
-Yes, he’s our headmaster.
A. he B. who C. which D. whom
2. Is this the river _____I can swim?
A. which B. in which C. that D. the one
3. This is the best hotel in the city _____I know.
A. where B. which C. that D. it
4. Can you lend me the dictionary ______the other day?
A. that you bought B. you bought it
C. that you bought it D. which you bought it
5. Anyone ______with what I said may put up you hands.
A. which agrees B. who agree
C. who agrees D. which agree
6. My watch is not the only thing ______ is missing.
A. that B. it C. which who
7. The man ______coat is black is waiting at the gate
A. who’s B. whose C. that of which.
8. The girl ______ is reading under the tree _____my sister.
A. which; is B. whom; was C. who; is D. who; was
9. I love places ______the people are really friendly.
A. that B. which C. where D. who
10. The world ______ is made up of matter.
A. in that we live B. on which we live
C. where we live in D. we live in
Ⅱ. 用适当的关系代词that, which, who, whom填空。
1. The first thing ______you must do is to have a meal.
2. April 1st is the day _____is called April Fool’s Day in the west.
3. The family _____had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.
4. The house _____we live in is very old.
5. Didn’t you see the man ______I talked with just now?
参考答案:
I. 1-5BBCAC 6-10 ABCCD
Ⅱ. 1. that 2. which / that 3. who / that 4. that / which 5. who/ whom/ that
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