英语定语从句语法解析【推荐6篇】
英语定语从句语法解析 篇一
英语中的定语从句是一种很常见的从句结构,用来修饰名词或代词,进一步说明其特征或性质。定语从句一般由关系代词或关系副词引导,可以出现在句首、句中或句末。
关系代词有who,whom,whose,which和that,它们分别指代人、物或事物的所有者。例如:
- The girl who is sitting over there is my sister.(那个坐在那边的女孩是我妹妹。)
- The book which is on the table is mine.(桌子上的那本书是我的。)
关系副词有where,when和why,它们分别表示地点、时间和原因。例如:
- The park where we used to play is now a shopping mall.(我们过去玩耍的那个公园现在是一个购物中心。)
- I will never forget the day when I first met you.(我永远不会忘记我第一次遇见你的那天。)
定语从句的引导词在从句中既可以作主语、宾语或宾语补足语,也可以作定语修饰名词或代词。例如:
- The man who is talking to my father is our neighbor.(和我父亲说话的那个人是我们的邻居。)
- The book that I am reading is very interesting.(我正在读的那本书非常有趣。)
当定语从句修饰的名词或代词是人时,关系代词who和whom用于主语或宾语位置,而关系副词where用于修饰地点。当修饰的是物或事物时,关系代词which和that用于主语或宾语位置,而关系副词when和why用于修饰时间和原因。
在定语从句中,关系代词或关系副词的选择取决于其在从句中的作用。同时,定语从句的引导词与先行词在数、人称和格上要保持一致。如果引导词在从句中作宾语,可以省略,但在口语中通常会保留。例如:
- The boy (who/whom) I met yesterday is my new classmate.(昨天我遇见的那个男孩是我的新同学。)
- The reason (why) she left the party early is still unknown.(她为何提早离开派对的原因仍然不明。)
总结起来,英语定语从句是一种重要的句子结构,用于修饰名词或代词,进一步说明其特征或性质。了解定语从句的引导词的用法和在从句中的作用,可以帮助我们正确理解和运用定语从句,丰富我们的语言表达能力。
英语定语从句语法解析 篇二
定语从句是英语语法中的重要部分,它可以用来修饰名词或代词,进一步说明其特征或性质。在定语从句中,有一些重要的语法规则和用法需要我们掌握和了解。
首先,定语从句的引导词有关系代词和关系副词两种。关系代词有who,whom,whose,which和that,分别用来指代人或物。关系副词有where,when和why,分别表示地点、时间和原因。我们需要根据定语从句所修饰的名词或代词的特点,选择合适的关系代词或关系副词。
其次,定语从句的位置可以出现在句首、句中或句末。定语从句通常紧跟在其所修饰的名词或代词之后,用来进一步说明其特征或性质。例如:
- The girl who is sitting over there is my sister.(那个坐在那边的女孩是我妹妹。)
- The book which is on the table is mine.(桌子上的那本书是我的。)
此外,定语从句的引导词在从句中可以作主语、宾语或宾语补足语,也可以作定语修饰名词或代词。例如:
- The man who is talking to my father is our neighbor.(和我父亲说话的那个人是我们的邻居。)
- The book that I am reading is very interesting.(我正在读的那本书非常有趣。)
最后,当定语从句修饰的名词或代词是人时,关系代词who和whom用于主语或宾语位置,而关系副词where用于修饰地点。当修饰的是物或事物时,关系代词which和that用于主语或宾语位置,而关系副词when和why用于修饰时间和原因。
总而言之,定语从句是一种重要的句子结构,用来修饰名词或代词,进一步说明其特征或性质。我们需要掌握定语从句的引导词的用法和在从句中的作用,以便正确理解和运用定语从句,提高我们的英语表达能力。
英语定语从句语法解析 篇三
1.先行词为all, anything, something, nothing, everything, much, little, none等不定代词时,关系代词一般只用that,不用which。在大多数情况下that可以省略.
Please tell me everything you know about the matter.
Thats all we can do at the moment.
2.as引出的限制性定语从句
在such as的结构中as可作关系代词,引出限制性定语从句。有时和same连用,在从句中可作主语、宾语或表语等。
Such people as were recommended by him were reliable.
Ive never seen such a talented young man as he is.
I have the same trouble as you .
3.as引出的非限制性定语从句
as可作关系代词引出非限制性定语从句,代替整个主句,通常译为(正)如一样,(正)象一样等。as引导的从句一般用逗号与主句隔开,可以位于主句的前面、中间或后面.
I live a long way from work, as you know.
She did not, as her friend had feared, break down.
As is generally accepted, economic growth is determined by the smooth development of production.
4.分隔式定语从句
定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后,但有时会被其他句子成分与先行词隔开,从而构成分隔式定语从句。
英语定语从句语法解析 篇四
1)介词后面的关系词不能省略。
2)that前不能有介词。
3)某些在从句中充当时间,地点或原因状语的介词+关系词结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。例如:
This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗?
Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
18.6 as, which 非限定性定语从句
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句,as和which可代整个主句,相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首,which在句中。例如:
As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health. 如我们所知,吸烟有害健康。
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 太阳使地球暖起来,这对我们人类很重要。
典型例题
1)Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.
A. it B. that C. which D. he
答案C. 此为非限定性从句,不能用 that修饰,而用which.,it 和he 都使后句成为句子,两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。
英语定语从句语法解析 篇五
1、限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句
定语从句就其与先行词的关系而言,可分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。限定性定语从句和先行词之间没有逗号,表示对先行词起修饰限制作用;而非限定性定语从句和先行词之间有逗号分开,是对先行词进行补充说明,相当于并列句。
如:He is the man who has a strong personality. 他是个个性很强的人。(限定性定语从句)
My brother, who works abroad, is coming next week. 我哥哥在国外工作,他下周将回来。(非限定性定语从句)
注:
1) 非限定性定语从句不能用that来引导,一般用which,as或who(指人)。用which或as引导时,既可以修饰主句的部分内容,也可修饰主句的全部内容。如:
He spoke confidently, which impressed me most. (which指代整个主句,在从句中作主语)
2) as引导的非限定性定语从句既可以放在主句之前,也可以放在主句之后,但which或who引导的非限定性定语从句不能放在主句之前。如:As we all know, the moon is a satellite of the earth.The large area is covered with thick snow, which affects people‘s life greatly.
3) 在限定性定语从句中,关系代词作宾语时可以省略;但在 非限定性定语从句中,关系代词作宾语时不能省略。如:
The film (which) I saw last night is about a young teacher. (which可以省去)
She introduced me to her husband, whom I hadn’t met before. (whom不能省去)
2、只用关系代词that,不用 which,who或whom的几种情况
1)当先行词是all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much, none, few等时。如:All that you want are here.
2) 当先行词被all, no, some, any, every, a few, a little, much, only, very等修饰时。如:There is no person that doesn’t make mistakes.
3)当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如:This is the best film that I have ever seen.
4)当出现两个或两个以上的先行词,并同时兼指人和物时。如: We are talking about the people and countries that we have
visited.
5) 当主句是以which 或 who 开头的特殊疑问句时。如: Who is the person that is standing over there?
6) 当定语从句为there be 句型时,关系代词只用that,
但经常可以省略。如: I know the difference (that) there is between you.
7)当关系代词在从句中作表语时,常用that。如:He does not seem to be the man that he was
他似乎和过去不一样了。
3、 as 与其他词连用引导的定语从句
as 引导定语从句时,可指人也可指物,通常与the same,such,so等连用,形式为:the same… as,such… as,as …as,so… as。As在定语从句中可作主语、宾语、表语等。如:
She knew he felt just the same as she did. 她知道他的感觉与她自己的一样。(as代替事,作宾语)
I lend you such books as will interest you. 我借给你使你感兴趣的书。(as代替物,作主语)
注:the same… as 和the same… that的用法不同。as引导的定语从句表示其内容与主句所讲的事物“相似”,指同类事物;that引导的定语从句表示其内容与主句所讲的`事物是“同一个”,指同一事物。如:
This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. 这和我昨天丢的笔一样。(类似的笔)
This is the same pen that I lost yesterday. 这支笔就是我昨天丢的那支。(同一支笔)
4、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
在“介词+which/whom”结构中,介词的选择取决于3种情况:
1)定语从句中谓语动词或表语的搭配。如: This is the college in which I am studying. He is the man about whom we are talking.
2)先行词与介词的习惯搭配。如: The speed at which the machine operates is shown on the meter.
仪表上显示出这台机器运转的速度。
3)当定语从句为最高级时只能用of which; 否则用其他介词。如: I have five dictionaries of which Longman Dictionary is the best. I have five dictionaries among which Longman Dictionary is published in UK.
注:不可拆分的动词短语介词不能提前,如put up with;有的短语可能有不同的介词搭配,此时需要根据上下文来确定。如:be familiar with/to,compare with/to等。
有时为表意清楚,还可以在关系副词where/ when前加介词from, to等。如:
China is the birthplace of kites, from
where kite flying spreads to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India.
中国是风筝的故乡,从这里,放风筝的运动传到了日本、韩国、泰国和印度。
注 定语从句和同位语从句的区别
定语从句在复合句中的功能相当于形容词,它对先行词起修饰、描述或限制作用。而同位语从句则属于名词性从句,对与它有同位关系得名词作进一步解释,使其内容具体化。例如:
She felt very sad because of the news that her husband was killed in an aircraft crash. (同位语从句)
The fact that she told me made me very angry. (定语从句)
英语定语从句语法解析 篇六
关系代词as与which引导的非限制性定语从句,其先行词都可以是整个主句,指代主句的整个意 思。但as和which具有不同的词义、句法和用法。
1. as引导的从句表示说话人的看法、态度、解释或评论
引导定语从句时,as仍具有正如,像,由……可知等意思,翻译时 有时可不必译出。as定语从句常含有这些动词:see, know, hear, watch, remember, say, tell, show, expect, guess等,这类动词与as连用几乎成了一种固定搭配。as引导的此类从句可以置于句首、句中或 句尾。如:
The famous magician Liu Qian, as we all know, is from Taiwan. 众所周知,著名魔术师刘 谦是台湾人。
There is a net bar around here, as I remember. 我记得这儿附近有一家网吧。
As is often the case, girls like dolls while boys like guns. 女孩子喜欢玩具而男孩子 喜欢枪,这是常见的情况。
2. which引导的从句对主句所叙述的事情进行补充说明,表明事物的状态或结果
which此时指前面主句所提到的这件事,常译为这一点,这件事等。这时它所引 导的从句与主句之间常含有并列、因果关系。注意,它引导的从句不像as那样位置灵活,它只能位于主句 的后面。如:
He changed his mind again, which made us all angry. 他又改变了主意,这使我们大家都生 气了。
She tore up my photos, which (=and that) upset me.她撕碎了我的照片,这使我很不安。
3. 在从句中作定语或介词的宾语时,要用which,不用as
Jenny might come, in which case I‘ll ask her. 詹妮可能会来,要是那样的话我就去问 她。
She graduated from a local middle school, after which she went to Beijing University. 她毕业于当地的一所中学,之后她去了北京大学。
4. 当从句的谓语动词是否定形式或含着一个复合宾语时,一般用which而不用as
He pretended not to know me, which I didn’t understand. 他假装不认识我,这是我搞 不明白的。
He admires everyone in his class, which I find quite strange. 他羡慕班里的每个学生, 我认为太奇怪了。
【特别说明】
as引导非限制性定语从句的最大特点是位置灵活;其次,as有以下常见的,而which不具备的 固定表达:
as we all know 众所周知
as I can remember 正如我所记得的
as often happens 正如经常发生的那样
as we expect 正如我们预料的那样
as you see 这一点你明白
as was expected 正如预料的那样
as can be seen 看得出来
as may be imagined 正如可以想象的那样
as has been said above 如上所述
as we all can see 正如我们都能看到的那样
as is often the case 像常规那样
as everybody can do 正如人人都能做到的那样