材料科学与工程专业英语词汇【精彩3篇】
材料科学与工程专业英语词汇 篇一
Introduction to Materials Science and Engineering
Materials science and engineering is a multidisciplinary field that explores the properties, structure, and performance of various materials, and the development of new materials for technological applications. As a materials science and engineering student, it is essential to have a solid understanding of the specialized vocabulary used in this field. In this article, we will introduce some key terms and concepts commonly used in materials science and engineering.
1. Materials: Materials refer to substances used to make objects or provide services. They can be classified into four categories: metals, polymers, ceramics, and composites. Metals are generally strong and conductive, while polymers are lightweight and flexible. Ceramics are known for their high melting points and hardness, and composites consist of two or more different materials combined together.
2. Structure: The structure of a material refers to the arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules within it. It can be divided into three levels: atomic structure, crystal structure, and microstructure. Atomic structure describes the arrangement of atoms in a material, crystal structure refers to the repeating pattern of atoms in a crystal lattice, and microstructure refers to the arrangement of crystals or grains in a material.
3. Properties: Properties are the characteristics that describe how a material behaves under certain conditions. They can be classified into two categories: physical properties and mechanical properties. Physical properties include density, thermal conductivity, and electrical conductivity, while mechanical properties include strength, hardness, and toughness.
4. Processing: Processing refers to the methods used to transform raw materials into finished products. Common processing techniques in materials science and engineering include casting, forging, welding, and heat treatment. These techniques can change the microstructure and properties of a material, enhancing its performance for specific applications.
5. Characterization: Characterization involves the analysis and evaluation of materials to understand their structure, properties, and performance. Various techniques are used for characterization, such as microscopy, spectroscopy, and mechanical testing. These techniques provide valuable information for materials scientists and engineers to optimize materials and develop new ones.
In conclusion, materials science and engineering is a fascinating field that requires a deep understanding of its specialized vocabulary. By familiarizing yourself with the key terms and concepts mentioned in this article, you will be better equipped to study and excel in this discipline.
材料科学与工程专业英语词汇 篇二
Applications of Materials Science and Engineering
Materials science and engineering play a crucial role in various industries and technological advancements. In this article, we will explore some applications of materials science and engineering in different fields.
1. Aerospace: Materials science and engineering have revolutionized the aerospace industry by developing lightweight and high-strength materials for aircraft and spacecraft. Materials such as carbon fiber composites and titanium alloys are used to reduce weight while maintaining structural integrity and safety.
2. Electronics: The electronics industry heavily relies on materials science and engineering to develop materials with specific electrical properties. Silicon is the most widely used material in the electronics industry due to its semiconductor properties, which enable the creation of transistors and integrated circuits.
3. Energy: Materials science and engineering contribute to the development of renewable energy technologies. For example, solar cells rely on materials called semiconductors to convert sunlight into electricity. Additionally, materials such as lithium-ion batteries are crucial for energy storage in electric vehicles and renewable energy systems.
4. Biomedical: Materials science and engineering have led to significant advancements in the biomedical field. Biomaterials, such as titanium and biodegradable polymers, are used in medical implants and prosthetics. Nanomaterials are also being explored for drug delivery and tissue engineering applications.
5. Automotive: The automotive industry benefits from materials science and engineering by using lightweight materials to improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions. Advanced high-strength steels, aluminum alloys, and carbon fiber composites are employed to enhance safety and performance while reducing vehicle weight.
6. Construction: Materials science and engineering play a vital role in the construction industry by developing materials with improved durability, strength, and energy efficiency. Concrete additives, fiber-reinforced polymers, and smart materials are examples of innovative materials used in construction projects.
7. Environmental: Materials science and engineering contribute to environmental sustainability by developing materials and technologies for pollution control and waste management. For instance, materials with photocatalytic properties can be used in air purification systems, and nanomaterials can be employed in water treatment processes.
In summary, materials science and engineering have wide-ranging applications that impact various industries and sectors. By continuously advancing materials and developing new technologies, materials scientists and engineers contribute to the improvement of our daily lives and the sustainability of our planet.
材料科学与工程专业英语词汇 篇三
材料科学与工程专业英语词汇
在现代科学技术中，材料科学是国民经济发展的三大支柱之一。主要专业
材料的类型Types of materials, metals, ceramics, polymers, composites, elastomer.
部分材料性质复习(Review of selected properties of materials)
电导率和电阻率conductivity and resistivity,
热导率thermal conductivity,
应力和应变stress and strain,
弹性应变elastic strain,
塑性应变plastic strain,
屈服强度yield strength,
最大抗拉强度ultimate tensile strength,
最大强度ultimate strength,
延展性ductility,
伸长率elongation,
断面收缩率reduction of area,
颈缩necking,
断裂强度breaking strength,
韧性toughness,
硬度hardness,
疲劳强度fatigue strength,
蜂窝honeycomb,
热脆性heat shortness,
晶胞中的.原子数atoms per cell,
点阵lattice, 阵点lattice point,
点阵参数lattice parameter,
密排六方hexagonal close-packed,
六方晶胞hexagonal unit cell,
体心立方body-centered cubic,
面心立方face-centered cubic,
弥勒指数Miller indices,
晶面crystal plane,
晶系crystal system,
晶向crystal direction,
相变机理Phase transformation mechanism:
成核生长相变nucleation–growth transition,
斯宾那多分解spinodal decomposition,
有序无序转变disordered-order transition,
马氏体相变martensite phase transformation，
成核nucleation,
成核机理nucleation mechanism,
成核势垒nucleation barrier,
晶核，结晶中心nucleus of crystal,
金属组织的)基体quay,
基体，基块，基质，结合剂matrix,
子晶，雏晶matted crystal,
耔晶，晶种seed crystal,
耔晶取向seed orientation,
籽晶生长seeded growth,
均质核化homogeneous nucleation,
异质核化heterogeneous nucleation,
均匀化热处理homogenization heat treatment,
熟料grog,
自恰场self-consistent field
固溶体Solid solution:
有序固溶体ordered solid solution,
无序固溶体disordered solid solution,
有序合金ordered alloy,
无序合金disordered alloy.
无序点阵disordered lattice,
分散，扩散，弥散dispersal,
分散剂dispersant,
分散剂，添加剂dispersant additive,
分散剂， 弥散剂dispersant agent
缺陷defect, imperfection,
点缺陷point defect,
线缺陷 line defect, dislocation,
面缺陷interface defect, surface defect,
体缺陷volume defect,
位错排列dislocation arrangement,
位错阵列dislocation array,
位错气团dislocation atmosphere,
位错轴dislocation axis,
位错胞dislocation cell,
位错爬移dislocation climb,
位错滑移dislocation slip, dislocation movement by slip,
位错聚结dislocation coalescence,
位错核心能量dislocation core energy,
位错裂纹dislocation crack,
位错阻尼dislocation damping,
位错密度dislocation density,
体积膨胀volume dilation,
体积收缩volume shrinkage,
回火tempering,
退火annealing,
退火的，软化的softened,
软化退火，软化(处理)softening,
淬火quenching,
淬火硬化quenching hardening,
正火normalizing, normalization,
退火织构annealing texture,
