细胞生物留学英语单词(优质3篇)
细胞生物留学英语单词 篇一
Cell Biology Study Abroad English Vocabulary
In recent years, studying abroad has become increasingly popular among students, especially in the field of biology. For those interested in cell biology, acquiring a solid understanding of the English vocabulary related to this subject is essential. In this article, we will explore some of the most important cell biology terms that every aspiring cell biologist should be familiar with.
1. Cell: The basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms.
2. Organelle: A specialized subunit within a cell that has a specific function.
3. Nucleus: The central organelle that contains the cell's DNA and controls its activities.
4. Cytoplasm: The jelly-like substance that fills the cell and surrounds the organelles.
5. Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP.
6. Endoplasmic reticulum: A network of membranes involved in protein synthesis and lipid metabolism.
7. Golgi apparatus: A stack of membranes that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for transport.
8. Lysosome: An organelle containing digestive enzymes that break down waste materials.
9. Cell membrane: The semi-permeable barrier that surrounds the cell and regulates the passage of substances in and out.
10. Cytoskeleton: A network of protein filaments that provides structural support and facilitates cell movement.
11. Cell division: The process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells.
12. Mitosis: The division of the nucleus that results in two identical daughter nuclei.
13. Meiosis: A specialized type of cell division that produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes.
14. DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid, the hereditary material that contains the instructions for cell function and development.
15. RNA: Ribonucleic acid, a molecule involved in protein synthesis and gene regulation.
16. Protein synthesis: The process by which cells build proteins using the instructions encoded in their DNA.
17. Enzyme: A protein that catalyzes biochemical reactions in the cell.
18. Metabolism: The chemical processes that occur within a living organism to maintain life.
19. Cellular respiration: The process by which cells convert glucose into ATP, releasing energy.
20. Photosynthesis: The process by which plants convert sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose and oxygen.
By familiarizing themselves with these cell biology terms, students studying abroad in the field of biology will be better equipped to understand lectures, textbooks, and scientific papers in English. Additionally, being able to communicate effectively using these terms will enhance their ability to collaborate with international researchers and scientists in the future.
细胞生物留学英语单词 篇二
Cell Biology Study Abroad English Vocabulary
Continuing from our previous article, in this second part, we will explore more advanced and specialized cell biology terms that will further expand the English vocabulary of students studying abroad in the field of cell biology.
1. Chromosome: A thread-like structure consisting of DNA and proteins, carrying genetic information.
2. Gene: A specific sequence of DNA that encodes a functional product, usually a protein.
3. Transcription: The process by which DNA is used as a template to produce RNA.
4. Translation: The process by which RNA is used to synthesize proteins.
5. Ribosome: A cellular structure where protein synthesis occurs.
6. Codon: A sequence of three nucleotides on an mRNA molecule that codes for a specific amino acid.
7. Mutation: A change in the DNA sequence that can lead to genetic variation or disease.
8. Cell signaling: The process by which cells communicate with each other to coordinate their activities.
9. Receptor: A protein on the cell surface or within a cell that binds to signaling molecules.
10. Signal transduction: The process by which an extracellular signal is converted into a cellular response.
11. Apoptosis: Programmed cell death that is essential for normal development and tissue homeostasis.
12. Stem cell: A unique type of cell that can differentiate into various specialized cell types.
13. Cell cycle: The series of events that lead to cell growth and division.
14. Checkpoint: A control point in the cell cycle where the cell assesses whether it is ready to proceed to the next stage.
15. Cyclin: A protein that regulates the progression of the cell cycle.
16. Tumor: An abnormal growth of cells that can be benign or malignant.
17. Metastasis: The spread of cancer cells from the primary tumor to other parts of the body.
18. Immunology: The study of the immune system and its response to foreign substances.
19. Antibody: A protein produced by the immune system to recognize and neutralize foreign substances.
20. Vaccination: The administration of a weakened or inactivated form of a pathogen to stimulate the immune system and provide protection against future infections.
By expanding their cell biology vocabulary with these advanced terms, students studying abroad in the field of biology will have a solid foundation to delve deeper into the complexities of cell biology research. With this knowledge, they will be well-prepared to contribute to the advancement of this fascinating field and collaborate with scientists from around the world.
细胞生物留学英语单词 篇三
细胞生物留学必备英语单词
细胞学指在光学显微镜水平上研究细胞的化学组成、形态、结构及功能的学科。下面是小编整理的'关于细胞学的英语词汇，希望能帮到大家!
analytical cytology 分析细胞学
cell biology 细胞生物学
cytology 细胞学
morphometric cytology 形态测量细胞学
radiation cytology 辐射细胞学
molecular cytology 分子细胞学
cell morphology 细胞形态学
karyology 细胞核学
karyomorphology 核形态学
karyotaxonomy 核型分类学
chromosomology, chromosomics 染色体学
cell physiology, cytophysiology 细胞生理学
cell pathology, cytopathology 细胞病理学
cytogenetics, cell genetics 细胞遗传学
cytochemistry 细胞化学
immunocytochemistry 免疫细胞化学
ultrastructural cytochemistry 超微结构细胞化学
cellular immunology 细胞免疫学
cytokinetics, cyto-dynamics 细胞动力学
cell sociology 细胞社会学
cell theory 细胞学说
germplasm theory 种质学说
biogenesis 生源论又称“生源说”。
preformation 先成论又称“先成说”。
epigenesis 渐成论
cell 细胞
prokaryotic cell, prokaryocyte 原核细胞
eukaryotic cell, eukaryocyte 真核细胞
pseudopodium, pseudopodia(复) 伪足
filopodium, filopodia(复) 丝足
lobopodium, lobopodia(复) 叶足
mesosome 间体又称“中膜体”。
neck body 颈体
cortical granule 皮质颗粒
midbody 中间体
cytoplasmic bridge [细]胞质桥
protoplasmic bridge 原生质桥
contractile ring 收缩环
polar cap 极帽
polar fibers 极纤维
sarcomere 肌[原纤维]节
sarcolemma 肌膜
sarcoplasm 肌质
sarcoplasmic reticulum 肌质网
myofilament 肌丝
myofibril 肌原纤维
sarcotubules 肌小管
intracellular canaliculus, intracellular canaliculi(复) 胞内小管
transverse tubules [of muscle cell] [肌细胞] 横小管
neuron 神经元
neurofilament 神经丝
neuroplasm 神经胞质
axial filament 轴丝
axon 轴突
dendrite 树突
synapse 突触
cell wall 细胞壁
extine 花粉外壁
intine 花粉内壁
desmotubule 连丝微管
mesospore 孢子中壁
plasmodesma, plasmodesmata(复) 胞间连丝
ectodesma, ectodesmata(复) 胞外连丝
chloroplast envelope 叶绿体被膜
chloroplast stroma 叶绿体基质
stroma lamella 基质片层
chloroplast 叶绿体
chloroplastonema 叶绿体线
chloroplast grana 叶绿体基粒
grana lamella, grana lamellae(复) 基粒片层
thylakoid 类囊体
granum-thylakoid 基粒类囊体
stroma-thylakoid 基质类囊体
vacuole 液泡简称“泡”。
proplastid 前质体
plastid 质体
plastidome 质体系
aleurone grain 糊粉粒
amyloplast 造粉[质]体
apoplast 质外体
chromoplast 色质体
etioplast 黄化质体
gymnoplast 裸质体
leucoplast 白色体
oleosome, elaioplast 油质体
pyrenoid 淀粉核
phacoplast 叶褐体
phycobilisome 藻胆体又称“藻胆蛋白体”。
rhizoplast 根丝体
rhodoplast 藻红体
tonoplast 液泡形成体又称“液泡膜”。
protoplast 原生质体
sub-protoplast 亚原生质体植物原生质体分离所得到的不完整原生质体。
symplasm 共质
symplast 共质体
syncytium, syncytia(复) 合胞体
genetic engineering 遗传工程
gene map 基因图[谱]
gene mapping 基因作图
genomic library 基因组文库
gene library 基因文库
gene bank 基因库
