物理英文术语及常用词汇【实用5篇】

物理英文术语及常用词汇 篇一

Introduction to Physics Terminology and Common Vocabulary

Physics is a branch of science that deals with the study of matter, energy, and their interactions. It is a complex subject with its own set of terminologies and vocabulary. Understanding these terms is essential for grasping the fundamental concepts of physics. In this article, we will explore some of the most commonly used physics terms and vocabulary.

1. Force: A force is a push or pull on an object that causes it to accelerate or change its state of motion. It is measured in newtons (N).

2. Energy: Energy is the capacity to do work or the ability to cause change. It exists in various forms such as kinetic energy, potential energy, and thermal energy.

3. Mass: Mass is the amount of matter in an object. It is a scalar quantity and is measured in kilograms (kg).

4. Velocity: Velocity is the rate at which an object changes its position in a specific direction. It is a vector quantity and is measured in meters per second (m/s).

5. Acceleration: Acceleration is the rate at which an object changes its velocity. It is a vector quantity and is measured in meters per second squared (m/s^2).

6. Gravity: Gravity is the force of attraction between two objects with mass. It is responsible for the phenomenon of weight and is described by Newton's law of universal gravitation.

7. Friction: Friction is the force that opposes the motion of an object when it comes into contact with another object or surface.

8. Work: Work is the transfer of energy that occurs when a force is applied to an object and it moves in the direction of the force.

9. Power: Power is the rate at which work is done or energy is transferred. It is measured in watts (W).

10. Electromagnetic Spectrum: The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of all possible frequencies of electromagnetic radiation, including radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays.

11. Quantum Mechanics: Quantum mechanics is a branch of physics that deals with the behavior of particles at the atomic and subatomic levels. It is based on the principles of wave-particle duality and the uncertainty principle.

12. Thermodynamics: Thermodynamics is the branch of physics that deals with the relationships between heat, work, energy, and temperature.

13. Kinematics: Kinematics is the branch of physics that studies the motion of objects without considering the forces causing the motion.

14. Dynamics: Dynamics is the branch of physics that studies the motion of objects and the forces causing the motion.

15. Conservation Laws: Conservation laws are fundamental principles in physics that state that certain properties, such as mass, energy, momentum, and angular momentum, are conserved in a closed system.

Conclusion

Understanding physics terminology and vocabulary is crucial for anyone studying or working in the field of physics. The terms and concepts mentioned in this article are just a small fraction of the vast vocabulary used in physics. By familiarizing ourselves with these terms, we can enhance our understanding and appreciation of the principles and laws that govern the physical world.

物理英文术语及常用词汇 篇二

Advanced Physics Terminology and Common Vocabulary

Physics is a vast and complex field that encompasses a wide range of topics and concepts. To delve deeper into the subject, it is essential to be familiar with advanced physics terminology and vocabulary. In this article, we will explore some of the more advanced terms commonly used in physics.

1. Quantum Field Theory: Quantum field theory is a theoretical framework that combines quantum mechanics with special relativity. It describes the behavior of particles as excitations of underlying quantum fields.

2. General Relativity: General relativity is a theory of gravitation that describes the force of gravity as the curvature of spacetime caused by mass and energy.

3. String Theory: String theory is a theoretical framework that attempts to explain the fundamental nature of particles and forces by modeling them as tiny vibrating strings.

4. Quantum Entanglement: Quantum entanglement is a phenomenon in which two or more particles become connected in such a way that the state of one particle is instantly correlated with the state of the other, regardless of the distance between them.

5. Dark Matter: Dark matter is a hypothetical form of matter that does not interact with light or other forms of electromagnetic radiation but exerts gravitational effects on visible matter.

6. Dark Energy: Dark energy is a hypothetical form of energy that is thought to be responsible for the observed accelerated expansion of the universe.

7. Higgs Boson: The Higgs boson is a subatomic particle that is associated with the Higgs field, which gives particles their mass.

8. Black Hole: A black hole is a region in spacetime where gravity is so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape its gravitational pull.

9. Neutrino: A neutrino is a subatomic particle that is electrically neutral and interacts only weakly with other particles. It has a tiny mass and is produced in large quantities in nuclear reactions.

10. Supersymmetry: Supersymmetry is a theoretical framework that proposes a symmetry between particles with integer spin (bosons) and particles with half-integer spin (fermions).

11. Particle Accelerator: A particle accelerator is a scientific instrument that accelerates charged particles, such as protons or electrons, to high speeds using electromagnetic fields.

12. Quantum Computing: Quantum computing is a field of study that uses quantum mechanics to perform computational tasks more efficiently than classical computers.

13. Plasma Physics: Plasma physics is the study of ionized gases, which consist of charged particles known as ions and electrons.

14. Nuclear Fusion: Nuclear fusion is a process in which atomic nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, releasing a large amount of energy in the process.

15. Superconductivity: Superconductivity is a phenomenon in which certain materials can conduct electric current without any resistance when cooled below a critical temperature.

Conclusion

Advanced physics terminology and vocabulary are essential for those who wish to explore the more complex and cutting-edge aspects of the field. The terms mentioned in this article represent just a fraction of the vocabulary used in advanced physics. By familiarizing ourselves with these terms, we can gain a deeper understanding of the intricate nature of the universe and the fundamental principles that govern it.

物理英文术语及常用词汇 篇三

　　力 force

　　重力 gravity

　　摩擦力 friction

　　拉力 traction

　　质量 mass

　　惯量 Interia

　　加速度 acceleration

　　力矩 torque

　　静止 at rest

　　相对 relative

　　能量 energy

　　动能 kenetic energy

　　势能 potential energy

　　功 work

　　动量 momentum

　　角动量 angular momentum

　　能量守恒 energy conservation

　　保守力 conserved force

　　振动 vibration

　　振幅 amplitude

　　波 wave

　　驻波 standing wave

　　震荡 oscillation

　　相干波 coherent wave

　　干涉 interference

　　衍射 diffraction

　　轨道 obital

　　速度 velocity

　　速率 speed

　　大小 magnatitude

　　方向 direction

　　水平 horizental

　　竖直 vertical

　　相互垂直 perpendicular

　　坐标 coordinate

　　直角坐标系 cersian coordinate system

　　极坐标系 polar coordinate system

　　弹簧 spring

　　球体 sphere

　　环 loop

　　盘型 disc

　　圆柱形 cylinder

　　电学磁学： 电子 electron

　　电荷charge

　　电流 current

　　电场 electric field

　　电通量 electric flux

　　电势electirc potential

　　导体 conductor

　　电介质 dieletric

　　绝缘体 insultalor

　　电阻 resistor

　　电阻率 resistivity

　　电容capacitor

　　无穷 infinite

　　横截面 cross ection

　　匀强电场 uniform electric field

　　分布 ditribution

　　磁场 magnetic field

　　磁通量 magnetic flux

　　电感 inductance

　　变压器 transformer

　　频率 frequency

　　周期 period

　　电磁波 electomagnetic wave

　　平面 plane

　　热学：

　　热平衡 thermal equilibrium

　　理想气体 ideal gas

　　热能 thermal energy

　　热量 heat

　　热容 heat capacity

　　外界 surrounding

　　准静态过程 quasi-static process

　　等体过程 isochoric process

　　等压过程 isobaric process

　　等温过程 isothermal process

　　绝热过程 adiabatic process

　　循环 cycle

　　光学 光 light

　　光程 optical path

　　光强度 light intensity

　　偏振 polarization 波长 wave length

　　传播 propagation

　　量子力学（高中好像讲了一点点） 原子 atomic

　　光子 photon

　　光电效应 photo-electric effect

　　物质波 matter wave

　　光谱 spectrum

　　激光 laser

　　衰减 decay

　　辐射 radiation

　　械振动 mechanical vibration

　　简谐振动 simple harmonic oscillation

　　振幅 amplitude

　　周期 period

　　频率 ferquency

　　赫兹 hertz

　　单摆 simple pendulum

　　受迫振动 forced vibration

　　共振 resonnance

　　机械波 mechanical wave

　　介质 medium

　　横波 transverse wave

　　纵波 longitudinal wave

　　波长 wavelength

　　超声波 supersonic wave

　　阿伏加德罗常数 Avogadro constant

　　布朗运动 Brown mation

　　热运动 thermal motion

　　热力学能 thermal energy

　　内能 internal energy

　　热力学第一定律 first law of thermodynamics

　　能量守恒定律 law of conservation of energy

　　热力学第二定律 second law of thermodynamics

　　各向同性 isotropy

　　各向异性 anisotropy

　　单晶体 single crystal(monocrystal)

　　多晶体 ploycrystal

　　表面张力 surface tension

　　毛细现象 capillarity

　　液晶 liquid crystal

　　电荷 electric charge

　　电荷量 queantity df electricity

　　正电荷 positive charg

　　负电荷 negative charg

　　库仑定律 Coulomb law

　　静电感应 electrostatic induction

　　感应电荷 inducde charge

　　元电荷 elementary charge

　　电荷守恒定律 law of conservation of charge

　　库仑（电荷单位） coulomb

　　电场 electric fileld

　　电场强度 electric field strength

　　电场线 electric potential

　　电势 electric potential

　　电势差/电压 electric potential difference

　　伏特 volt

　　电容 capacitance

　　电容器 capacitor

　　法拉（电容单位） farad

　　电流 electric current

　　安培（电流单位） ampere

　　电阻 resistance

　　欧姆（电阻单位） ohm

　　电动势 electormotive force(e.m.f.)

　　半导体 semiconductor

　　超导体 superconductor

　　磁性 magnetism

　　磁场 magnetic field

　　磁感线 magnetic induction line

　　安培定则 Ampere rule

　　安培力 Ampere force

　　磁感应强度 magnetic induction

　　左手定则 left-hand rule

　　洛伦兹力 Lorentz force

　　磁通量 magnetic flux

　　电磁感应 elctromagnetic induction

　　感应电流 induction current

　　感应电动势 induction electromotive force

　　电磁感应定律 law of electromagnetic induction

　　右手定则 right-hand rule

　　自感 self-induction

　　交流 alternating current

　　瞬时值 instantaneous value

　　峰值 peak value

　　有效值 effective value

　　电感 inductance

　　变压器 transformer

　　电能 electric energy

　　电磁场 electromagnetic field

　　电磁波 electromagnetic wave

　　雷达 radar

　　光线 light ray

　　平行光 parallel light

　　实象 real image

　　虚象 virtual image

　　折射 refaction

　　入射角 incident angle

　　反射角 reflection angle

　　折射角 diffraction angle

　　折射率 diffraction index

　　全反射 total reflection

　　临界角 critical angle

　　光导纤维 optical fiber

　　棱镜 prism

　　色散 dispersion

　　光谱 spectrum

　　波的衍射 diffraction of wave

　　波的干涉 interference of waves

　　红外线 infrared ray

　　紫外线 ultraviolet ray

　　X射线 X-ray

　　电磁波谱 electromagnetic effect

　　光电效应 photoelectric effect

　　光子 photon

　　普朗克常数 Planck constant

　　波粒二象性 wave-particle duality

　　概率波 probability wave

　　物质波 matter wave

　　电子 electron

　　质子 proton

　　中子 neutron

　　核子 nucleon

　　同位数 isotope

　　原子核 nucleus

　　能级 energy level

　　基态 ground state

　　激发态 excited state

　　跃迁 transition

　　放射性 radioactivity

　　α射线 α ray

　　β射线 β ray

　　γ射线 γ ray

　　衰变 decay

　　核反应 nuclear reaction

　　核能 nuclear energy

　　质能方程 mass-energy equation

　　裂变 fission

　　链式反应 chain reaction

　　聚变 fusion

　　热核反应 thermonuclear reaction

　　介子 meson

　　轻子 lepton

　　强子 hadron

物理英文术语及常用词汇 篇四

　　A

　　Absolute acceleration 绝对加速度

　　Absolute error 绝对误差

　　Absolute motion 绝对运动

　　Absolute temperature 绝对温度

　　Absolute velocity 绝对速度

　　Absolute zero 绝对零度

　　Absorption 吸收

　　Absorptivity 吸收率

　　Accelerated motion 加速运动

　　Acceleration of gravity重力加速度

　　Acceleration 加速度

　　Accidental error 偶然误差

　　Acoustics 声学

　　Acting force 作用力

　　Adjustment 调节

　　Aether 以太

　　Air pump 抽气机

　　Air table 气垫桌

　　Air track 气垫导轨

　　Alternating current circuit 交流电路

　　Alternating current generator交流发电机

　　Alternating 交流电

　　Altimeter 测高仪

　　Ammeter 安培计

　　Amperemeter 电流计

　　Ampere 安培

　　Ampere’s experiment 安培试验

　　Ampere’s force 安培力

　　Ampere’s law 安培定律

　　Amperemeter 安培计

　　Amplitude 振幅

　　Angle of rotation 自转角 转动角

　　Angular acceleration 角加速度

　　Angular displacement 角位移

　　Angular velocity 角速度

　　Anion 负离子

　　Anisotropy 各向异性

　　Annihilation

　　Anode 阳极

　　Antenna 天线

　　Applied physics 应用物理学

　　Archimedes principle阿基米德原理

　　Area 面积

　　Argumentation 论证

　　Argument 辐角

　　Astigmatoscope 散光镜

　　Atomic nucleus 原子核

　　Atomic physics 原子物理学

　　Atomic spectrum 原子光谱

　　Atomic structure 原子结构

　　Atom 原子

　　Atwood’s machine阿特伍德机

　　Average power 平均功率

　　Average velocity 平均速度

　　Avogadroconstant 阿伏加德罗常数

　　Avogadro law 阿伏加德罗定律

　　B

　　balance 天平

　　ballistic galvanometer 冲击电流计

　　band spectrum 带状谱

　　barometer 气压机

　　basic quantity 基本量

　　basic units 基本单位

　　battery charger 电池充电器

　　battery accumulator 蓄电池

　　battery 电池组

　　beam 光束

　　betatron 电子感应加速器

　　Bohr atom model 波尔原子模型

　　Boiling point 沸点

　　Boiling 沸腾

　　Bounce 反弹

　　Bound charge 束缚电荷

　　Bound electron 束缚电子

　　Branch circuit 支路

　　Breakdown 击穿

　　Brightness 亮度

　　Buoyancy force 浮力

　　C

　　Calorifics 热学

　　camera 照相机

　　capacitance 电容

　　capacitor 电容器

　　capillarity 毛细现象

　　cathode ray 阴极射线

　　cathode－ray tude 阴极射线管

　　cathode 阴极

　　cation 正离子

　　cell 电池

　　Celsius scale 摄氏温标

　　Centre of gravity 重心

　　Centre of mass 质心

　　Centrifugal force 离心力

　　Centripetal acceleration 向心加速度Centripetal force 向心力

　　Chain reaction 链式反应

　　Chaos 混沌

　　Characteristic spectrum 特征光谱

　　Charged body 带电体

　　Charged particle 带电粒子

　　Charge 充电

　　Circular hole diffraction 圆孔衍射Circular motion 圆周运动

　　Classical mechanics 经典力学

　　Classical physics 经典物理学

　　Cloud chamber 云室

　　Coefficient of maximum static friction 最大静摩擦系数

　　Coefficient of restitution 恢复系数

　　Coefficient of sliding friction 滑动摩擦系数Coefficient 系数

　　Coil 线圈

　　Collision 碰撞

　　Component force 分力

　　Coherent light 相干光源

　　Component velocity 分速度

　　Composition of forces 力的合成

　　Composition of velocities 速度的合成Compression 压缩

　　Concave lens 凹透镜

　　Concave mirror 凹面镜

　　Concurrent force 共点力

　　Condensation 凝结

　　Condenser 电容器

　　Conducting medium 导电介质

　　Conductor 导体

　　Conservative force field 保守立场

　　Conservative force 保守力

　　Constant force 恒力

　　Constant 常量

　　Continuous spectrum 连续谱

　　Convergent lens 会聚透镜

　　Convex lens 凸透镜

　　Convex mirror 凸面镜

　　Coordinate system 坐标系

　　Coplanar force 共面力

　　Corolis force 科里奥利力

　　Corpuscular property 例子性

　　Corpuscular theory 微粒说

　　Coulomb force 库仑力

　　Coulomb 库仑

　　Coulomb’s law库仑定律

　　counter 计数器

　　creation 产生

　　creepage 漏电

　　crest 波峰

　　critical angle 临界角

　　critical resistance 临界电阻

　　critical temperature 临界温度

　　crystal 晶体

　　current density 电流密度

　　current element 电流元

　　current source电流源

　　current strength 电流强度

　　curvilinear motion 曲线运动

　　cyclotron 回旋加速器

　　D

　　Damped vibration 阻尼震动

　　Damping 阻尼

　　Daniell cell 丹尼尔电池

　　Data processing 数据处理

　　Data 数据

　　Decay衰变

　　Definition of ampere 安培的定义

　　Defocusing 散集

　　Density 密度

　　Derived quantity 导出量

　　Derived unit 导出单位

　　Dielectric 电介质

　　Diffraction pattern衍射图样

　　Diffraction 衍射

　　Diffuse reflection 漫反射

　　Digital timer 数字计时器

　　Dimensional exponent量纲指数

　　Dimension 量纲

　　Diode 二极管

　　Diopter 屈光度

　　Direct current 直流

　　（dc）Direct impact 正碰

　　Direct measurement 直接测量

　　Discharge 放电

　　Disorder 无序

物理英文术语及常用词汇 篇五

　　physics 物理

　　physics 物理

　　mechanics 力学

　　thermodynamics 热力学

　　electromagnetism 电磁学

　　optics 光学

　　dynamics 动力学

　　force 力

　　velocity 速度

　　acceleration 加速度

　　equilibrium 平衡

　　statics 静力学

　　motion 运动

　　inertia 惯性

　　gravitation 引力

　　relativity 相对

　　gravity 地心引力

　　vibration 震动

　　medium (media) 媒质

　　frequency 频率

　　wavelength 波长

　　pitch 音高

　　intensity 强度

　　echo 回声

　　resonance 回声，洪亮

　　sonar 声纳

　　ultrasonics 超声学

　　electricity 电

　　static electricity 静电

　　magnetism 磁性，磁力

　　magnet 磁体

　　electromagnet 电磁

　　magnetic field 磁场

　　electric current 电流

　　direct current (DC) 直流电

　　alternating current (AC) 交流电

　　electric circuit 电路

　　electric charge 电荷

　　electric voltage 电压

　　electric shock 触电

　　electric appl

iance 电器

　　conductor 导体

　　insulator 绝缘体

　　semiconductor 半导体

　　battery (cell) 电池

　　dry battery 干电池

　　storage battery 蓄电池

　　electronics 电子学

　　electronic 电子的

　　electronic component (part) 电子零件

　　integrated circuit 集成电路

　　chip 集成电器片，集成块

　　electron tube 电子管

　　vacuum tube 真空管

　　transistor 晶体管

　　amplification (名词)放大

　　amplify (动词)放大

　　amplifier 放大器，扬声器

　　oscillation 震荡

　　optical 光(学)的

　　optical fiber 光学纤维

　　lens 透镜，镜片

　　microscope 显微镜

　　telescope 望远镜

　　magnifier 放大镜

　　microwaves 微波

　　dispersion 色散

　　transparent 透明

　　translucent 半透明

　　opaque 不透明的