初三英语上册《动词不定式》知识点【最新3篇】
初三英语上册《动词不定式》知识点 篇一
动词不定式是英语中的一种特殊形式,由“to”加上动词的原形构成。动词不定式可以作为主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语等,具有多种用法。在这篇文章中,我们将介绍动词不定式的基本用法和一些常见的用法结构。
1.作主语
动词不定式可以作为句子的主语,表达一个抽象的概念或一个具体的动作。例如:
To learn a foreign language is not easy.(学习一门外语并不容易)
To travel around the world is my dream.(环游世界是我的梦想)
2.作宾语
动词不定式可以作为及物动词的宾语,接在某些动词后面。例如:
She wants to be a doctor.(她想成为一名医生)
I hope to see you soon.(我希望很快见到你)
3.作表语
动词不定式可以作为系动词的表语,表示动作或状态。例如:
His dream is to become a pilot.(他的梦想是成为一名飞行员)
My goal is to win the championship.(我的目标是赢得冠军)
4.作定语
动词不定式可以作为定语修饰名词,说明名词的用途或目的。例如:
I have a book to read.(我有一本书要读)
She has a dog to take care of.(她有一只狗要照顾)
5.作状语
动词不定式可以作为状语修饰动词、形容词或副词,表示目的、结果、原因等。例如:
He went to the library to study.(他去图书馆学习)
The weather was too hot to go outside.(天气太热了,不适合出去)
此外,动词不定式还有一些特殊的用法结构,例如:
1) 动词不定式+动词原形:表示按顺序发生的动作。例如:
She wants to eat and to sleep.(她想吃饭和睡觉)
2) 动词不定式+形容词/副词:表示结果或目的。例如:
He is old enough to take care of himself.(他已经够大了,可以照顾自己)
3) 动词不定式+介词:表示目的或结果。例如:
She came here to visit her grandparents.(她来这里是为了拜访她的祖父母)
总结起来,动词不定式具有多种用法,可以作为主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语等。掌握动词不定式的用法和常见结构,对于学习英语语法和提高英语表达能力非常重要。
初三英语上册《动词不定式》知识点 篇二
动词不定式是英语中的一种特殊形式,由“to”加上动词的原形构成。动词不定式可以用来表达目的、原因、结果等,具有多种用法。在这篇文章中,我们将介绍动词不定式的常见用法和一些重要的注意事项。
1.表达目的
动词不定式可以用来表达一个动作或行为的目的。例如:
I went to the store to buy some groceries.(我去商店买些杂货)
He studies hard to pass the exam.(他努力学习以便通过考试)
2.表达原因
动词不定式可以用来表达一个动作或行为的原因。例如:
She cried so hard as to attract everyone's attention.(她哭得很厉害,吸引了所有人的注意)
He ran fast to catch the bus.(他跑得很快以便赶上公交车)
3.表达结果
动词不定式可以用来表达一个动作或行为的结果。例如:
The water was too hot to drink.(水太烫了,不能喝)
The book was too difficult for me to understand.(这本书对我来说太难懂了)
需要注意的是,动词不定式的否定形式是在“to”之前加上“not”。例如:
He decided not to go to the party.(他决定不去参加派对)
I tried not to make any mistakes.(我尽量不犯错误)
此外,动词不定式还有一些常见的固定搭配和用法,例如:
1) would like/want/love/hate to do:表示愿望或意愿。例如:
I would like to go to the beach this weekend.(我想这个周末去海滩)
2) be going to do:表示打算或计划。例如:
She is going to visit her grandparents next week.(她下周要去拜访她的祖父母)
3) be about to do:表示即将发生的动作。例如:
The movie is about to start.(电影即将开始)
总结起来,动词不定式是英语中一种常见的形式,用来表达目的、原因、结果等。掌握动词不定式的常见用法和注意事项,对于提高英语表达能力和理解英语语法非常重要。希望这篇文章对你有所帮助!
初三英语上册《动词不定式》知识点 篇三
初三英语上册《动词不定式》知识点
一. 定义:
动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种,它没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能独立作谓语,但它仍保持动词的特点,既可以有自己的宾语和状语。同时动词不定式又具有名词、形容词、副词的特征,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
二. 动词不定式的构成:to+动词原形
三. 动词不定式作宾语
后面能接不定式作宾语的动词有:agree, ask, choose, decide, forget, hope, learn, want, wish, would like等。
We hope to get there before dark. 我们希望天黑以前到那儿。
The girl decided to do it herself. 那个姑娘决定自己做那件事。
动词不定式作宾语的注意事项(2点)
1. 有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语,也可跟动名词作宾语,但含义不同:
remember to do 记住要做某事
remember doing 记得曾经做过某事
forget to do忘记要做某事
forget doing 忘记曾经做过某事
stop to do 停下来去做某事
stop doing 停止做某事
go on to do 继续做另一件事
go on doing 继续做原来在做的事
I remember seeing you somewhere before.
我记得以前在哪儿见过你。
Please remember to turn off the light when you leave.
离开时请记得关好灯。
2. 不定式作宾语时,如带有宾语补足语,则要把不定式放到后面,用it作形式宾语,构成“主语+动词+it+宾补(形容词、名词)+不定式”结构。
如:He found it very difficult to get to sleep.
他发现很难入睡。
四. 动词不定式作宾语补足语
1. 后面能接to不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:ask, order, teach, tell, want, wish, help等。
The teacher told us to do Exercise 1. 老师要我们做练习一。
I want both of you to go. 我要你们俩去。
We helped her (to) repair her bike. 我们帮助她修理自行车。
2. 使役动词let, have, make及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel等要以不带to的不定式作宾补。
Let’s have a rest. 我们休息一会吧。
I saw him come in. 我看见他进来了。
感官动词后既可跟不带to的不定式作宾补,也可跟v-ing作宾补,前者表示动作的全部过程已结束;后者表示动作正在进行。
I saw him come downstairs.我看见他下了楼。(说明他下楼了这件事)
I saw him coming downstairs.我看见他在下楼。(说明他下楼时的情景)
五. 动词不定式作状语
Later he left home to work in different cities. 不久他离开家到不同的城市工作。
He went to see a football match. 他去看足球比赛了。
In order to catch the other students, I must work hard.
为了赶上其他同学,我必须努力学习。
六. 动词不定式作定语
不定式作定语一般放在所修饰的词的后面。
I need something to eat.
Do you have something to read?
Tom was so excited that he had no word to say.
He is really a fool only to eat.
The man to stand here just now is our English teacher.
The doctor had no way to save the patient.
注意:
(1)作定语的不定式是由及物动词组成,被修饰的名词或代词与不定式之
间存在方位或方式关系需要有介词。I am looking for a room to live in. 我正在找一间住房。(方位关系)
We have many things to do experiments with.
我们有许多做实验的东西(方式关系)
(2)作定语的不定式是由“be + adj + prep”构成的动词短语。
Here there isn’t any book for me to be interested in.
We have done many things to proud of. 我们做了许多引以自豪的`事。
七. 动词不定式作主语
To give is better than to receive.
To reach there on foot is impossible.
动词不定式作主语时,可以用it 代替,把实际主语不定式放在后面。
It’s better to give than to receive.
It’s impossible to reach there on foot.
It’s + adj + for sb. to do sth.
It’s not difficult for me to study English well.
It’s easy for him to work out this math problem.
在这个句型中,如果形容词与不定式的逻辑主语关系密切,并且形容词用来说明逻辑主语的性质、品质、特点等,由of引出逻辑主语。这类形容词主要有nice, kind, good, wrong, right等。
八. 动词不定式和疑问词连用
动词不定式可以和疑问词what, which, how, where, when连用,构成不定式短语,可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等。
How to do is still a question.
Have you decided when to leave?
九. 动词不定式的否定形式
动词不定式的否定式是在to前加not;不带to的不定式则在动词前加not. 如:
Zhang Ming asked me not to stay at home all day. 张明要我不要整天呆在家里。
My mother let me not do it by myself. 妈妈让我不要独自做这件事。
被动语态
英语有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态
主动语态(The Active Voice)表示主语是动作的执行者。
被动语态(The Passive Voice)表示主语是动作的承受者。
构成:承受者+助动词be+及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者
一般现在时:承受者+助动词am / is/are +及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者
一般过去时:承受者+助动词was / were +及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者
承受者+助动词shall / will be+及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者
承受者+助动词 have/ has been+及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者
承受者+ can /may/must/should +be+及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者
被动语态用法:
1)当我们不知道动作的执行者是谁,或者没有必要指出动作的执行者时,需用被动语态。
2)当我们需要强调动作的承受者时,常用被动语态。
3)如果需要说出动作的执行者, 用by引导出动作的执行者。
主动语态变为被动语态时,其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致,其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。
主动语态变为被动语态时有以下几种情况:
1)主语+谓语动词+宾语
将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
(主动)We bought a book yesterday.
(被动)The book was bought yesterday.
2)主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
将主动语态中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语。多数情况下将间接宾语变为主语。如果直接宾语变为主语时,间接宾语前要加介词to / for。
(主动)He showed me a book yesterday.
(被动)I was showed a book yesterday.
(被动)The book was showed to me yesterday.
3)主语+谓语动词+复合宾语
含有一个由宾语加宾语补足语构成的复合宾语,变为被动语态时,将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语,宾语补足语保留不变,成为主语补足语。
(主动)I found him a good pupil. (宾语补足语)
(被动)He was found a good pupil. (主语补足语)
4)短语动词变为被动语态
有些短语动词相当于一个及物动词,其后可以接宾语,因此它们也有被动语态,但短语动词是不可分割的整体,变为被动语态时不可去掉其后面的介词或副词。
(主动)We should look after the patients very well.
(被动)The patients should be looked after very well by us.
5)宾语从句变为被动语态
若主动语态中是宾语从句,变为被动语态时常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语放在后面。
It’s said that he passed the exam.
被动语态应注意的几个特殊问题:
(1)不及物动词带介词和介词宾语,在变为被动语态时,仍然要带上介词。
(主动)The students in class listen to the teacher carefully.
(被动)The teacher is listened to carefully by the students in class.
(2)当动词带有复合宾语时,并且宾补是省去“to”的动词不定式时,在被动语态中应加上“to”。
(主动)They make do all the work.
(被动)We were made to do all the work.
(主动)We often hear her sing English songs.
(被动)She is often heard to sing English songs.
(主动)I see him walk to school.
(被动)He is seen to walk to school.